Markets dragged down by credit crisis

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Markets dragged down by credit crisis

Posted: February 18th, 2020 by

Friday, August 10, 2007

Global stock markets fell today, in a mass sell-off stemming from the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the United States. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rebounded late in the day after falling more than 250 points, ending the day down about 31 points. The UK’s FTSE-100 index fell 232.90 points to 6038.30, and Japan’s Nikkei 225 fell 406.51 points to 16764.09.

Central banks across the world are injecting funds into their banking systems to add liquidity, fearing that many financial firms with subprime ties will be insolvent. Yesterday, the U.S. Federal Reserve transferred US$24 billion to temporary reserves, following the European Central Bank, which authorized a record €83.6 billion addition to its banks, its biggest cash infusion ever. On Friday, the Fed entered into a $38 billion repurchase agreement of mortgage-backed securities, easing stockholder worries. Also on Friday, the Bank of Japan injected ¥1 trillion into Japan’s financial system.

The Federal Reserve met this week, but decided to maintain its target rate of 5.25%, although on Friday the federal funds rate was hovering around 6%, indicating a drop in liquidity.

The volatile week began last Friday with Bear Stearns tumbling as a result from its complete loss of two major hedge funds worth more than $1.5 billion. The hedge funds had been dangerously exposed to the massive sub-prime mortgage failure, and the company announced it was unable to return any money to investors.

Washington Mutual, and Countrywide Financial, both very large U.S. home loan lenders, saw shares fall. Countrywide Financial made a statement this week, saying they will be forced to retain a greater proportion of mortgage. American Home Mortgage Investment Corp, another large lender, recently filed for bankruptcy. The U.S. housing market has been declining for more than two years after the Federal Reserve raised interest rates 17 times. Now, lenders are in a quagmire from millions of people who are unable to repay loans after taking adjustable rate mortgages, teaser rates, interest-only mortgages, or piggyback rates.

Jim Cramer, of CNBC’s Mad Money, remarked that as many as seven million people will lose their homes from bad mortgages. Last Friday, Cramer went on a tirade on CNBC’s Street Signs, saying that the “Fed was asleep” and called for them to lower rates immediately.

Asian and European markets have become increasingly entangled in the subprime mortgage crisis in the U.S. Deutsche Bank of Germany lost almost $3.5 billion in share value, forcing the government to organize a bail-out. France’s largest bank, BNP Paribas SA, halted withdrawals from three large investment funds which were crippled by sub-prime exposure.

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British Gas to increase electricity, gas prices

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British Gas to increase electricity, gas prices

Posted: February 18th, 2020 by

Sunday, July 10, 2011

British-based utility company Centrica, which holds ownership of British Gas, has announced its intentions to increase the prices of domestic electricity and gas later this year. On August 18, 2011, the company plans to raise the costs of gas and electrical supplies by eighteen and sixteen per cent, respectively. According to The Guardian, nine million customers will be affected by these changes.

British price comparison website uSwitch has reported that the “[a]verage household bill for a dual fuel British Gas customer will now go up from £1,096 to £1,288”. Mike O’Connor, the chief executive officer of consumer organisation Consumer Focus, has claimed that the announcement “will send a shock wave across the country” and will place an increasing amount of difficulties “on stretched household budgets. Consumers […] rightly question whether prices are fair.”

Phil Bentley, a managing director for British Gas, has claimed that value increases like this are “an issue facing all energy suppliers”. A director for British Gas, named Ian Peters, has claimed that “a fair return” will be made after the changes occur.

In 2010, British Gas experienced its largest ever profit, making £742 million (US$1,192 million, €835 million). Meanwhile, Centrica achieved £2.4 billion (US$3.8 billion, €2.7 billion) in profits. Richard Lloyd from product sampling charity Which? criticised the decision to raise prices, calling the declaration “unwelcome but unsurprising” for British Gas consumers.

Previously in December 2010, British Gas increased the price of its gas by 6.9%, which equates to £43 (US$69, €48). At the same time, the company’s electricity prices were raised by 6.7%, or £28 (US$45, €32). On Friday, Chris Huhne, the secretary of the Energy and Climate Change Select Committee, said that British electricity businesses must modify themselves so as to avoid “the cycle of fossil fuel addiction. Alternatives like renewables and nuclear power must be allowed to become the dominant component of our energy mix,” said Huhne.

This news comes to light as Scottish Power, a rival energy company to British Gas, announced last month their intentions to up the prices of their electricity and gas supplies by ten and nineteen per cent respectively.

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Focus Group Research The Good, Bad And The Ugly

Posted: February 18th, 2020 by

Submitted by: Jim Brackin

While focus group research has many advantages, as with all research methods there are limitations. Even with the “right” participants, a perfect environment, and a trained moderator, the eventual success of focus group research in providing useful actionable, insights is fully dependent on the analysis method used to decipher the session. In the past this fell on the moderator to provide a report, which may often be a subjective opinion which lacks a statistical validity. Not surprisingly, as clients want strong, quantifiable results more objective and scientific methodology like linguistic analysis software are being used to provide a more detailed analysis of the group.

The moderator’s mission

Group interviewing involves interviewing a number of individuals at the same time, the emphasis being on questions and responses between the researcher and participants. The reason is obvious: qualitative research provides deep insight into behavioral and emotional responses that can only otherwise be captured using one-to-one in telephone interviews. The moderator’s task is to prompt discussion and let the group members know that it is okay to agree or disagree with others’ responses. Questions must be thoughtfully selected and phrased in advance to elicit maximum responses by all participants. Interviewers or moderators usually ask focus group participants to consider and answer questions, and then to make additional comments after listening to the responses of others (Patton, 1990).

How many people make a reliable focus group?

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TES–a-N5c4[/youtube]

Researchers disagree about the proper number of participants for a successful focus group. The recommended number of individuals per group is usually six to ten (MacIntosh 1993), yet some researchers have used up to fifteen people (Goss & Leinbach 1996) or as few as four (Kitzinger 1995). Whatever the number chosen, the ground swell of opinion among marketers and researchers alike is that all is not well with focus groups.

A Slate Magazine article, “Lies, Damn Lies and Focus Groups?” challenged the efficacy and value of focus groups for informing product development and marketing. It highlighted the widely documented mismatch between what people say about products in focus groups, and how they actually behave when it comes to making purchases. The difference between the two costs companies millions in inappropriate product development and misguided advertising.

Yet the real concern is the increasing problem of the ‘Focus Groupie’. A term used to describe individuals who spend large amounts of their time contributing to focus groups. Moreover nothing is sacred for these part-time professional opinion givers. Yesterday they were early adopting mobile phone lovers, today cautious supporters of children’s rights, tomorrow who knows? The only thing they have in common is that “after a while the stories don’t seem like lies – it’s more like acting – also it’s quite fun to pretend to be someone you are not”

That is something that all researchers agrees needs to change, even though no one really knows how to change it.

Validity of the Findings

The participants may well be chosen to represent a specific target audience but, as a group of 10 or 12 people, the findings cannot, with any statistical validity, be projected onto the entire population. Focus groups are therefore limited in terms of their ability to generalise findings to a whole population, mainly for the reason that of the small numbers of people participating and the likelihood that the participants will not be a representative sample. Which is why it is important to choose the right analytical tools and look for statistically significant findings from quantitative research that supports the focus group findings.

Conclusion

Focus group research involves organised discussion with a selected group of individuals to gain data about their views and experiences of a topic and is a popular form of qualitative market research used by manufacturers, service providers, political parties, ad agencies, charitable organizations, attorneys, and most other industries to gather consumer input on wide varieties of projects. It is true that focus group research can help gain insights into peoples shared understandings of brands, products and services. The disadvantage is that they can provide insights that are not reflected by a wider audience or the findings can be misinterpreted by subjective reporting.

About the Author: More detail on alternatives to focus groups are featured in a free booklet on market research available to all marketing professionals who wish to improve their response rates. Courtesy of

espconsultancy.com

the marketing research specialists.

Source:

isnare.com

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Interview with Reggie Bibbs on his life with neurofibromatosis

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Interview with Reggie Bibbs on his life with neurofibromatosis

Posted: February 17th, 2020 by

Friday, December 14, 2007

Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a genetic condition causing benign tumors (neurofibromas) to grow along certain types of nerves and, in addition, it can affect the development of bones or skin. There are several variants of the disease but type 1 and type 2 NF account for the vast majority of cases.

The disease manifestations can vary from very mild to severe. Major symptoms include growths on and under the skin; skin pigmentations called café au lait spots in type 1; acoustic nerve tumors and consequent hearing loss in type 2. Growths can affect nearly all parts of the body, and pressure on nearby structures can cause a wide variety of complications. There is a small risk that the tumors transform into malignant cancerous lesions.

NF is one of the most common single-gene human diseases; around 1 in 2,500-4,000 live births are affected by NF-1, whereas NF-2 occurs in about 1 in 50,000-120,000. Both type 1 and 2 are autosomal dominant conditions, meaning that only one copy of the mutated gene need be inherited to pass the disorder. A child of a parent with neurofibromatosis and an unaffected parent will have a 50% chance of inheriting the disorder. The gene responsible for NF-1 and possibly NF-2 is thought to function as a tumor suppressor gene.

In most cases of neurofibromatosis 1, patients can live normal and productive lives. In about 25-40% of patients there is an associated learning disability with or without ADHD. In some cases of neurofibromatosis 2, the damage to nearby vital structures, such as the cranial nerves and the brainstem, can be life-threatening. When tumors are causing pain or disfiguration, surgery is thus far the only proven beneficial treatment option.

Reggie Bibbs is a 43-year-old-man living in Houston, Texas. Mr Bibbs was born with a genetic disease called neurofibromatosis (NF), which causes him to develop tumors on his body (see infobox on the right). NF can be a subtle disease, but in Bibbs’ case it has left him with a disfigured face and deformed leg. But he is happy with the way he looks, and doesn’t want to change his appearance to please other people. He has launched a successful campaign entitled “Just Ask”, and that’s just what Wikinews did in a video-interview.

The interview was prepared by Wikinews reporter Michaël Laurent with the help of Bertalan Meskó (who has a popular genetics and web 2.0 blog). Their questions were sent to a close friend of Mr. Bibbs, Lou Congelio, who kindly conducted the interview.

Contents

  • 1 Infobox: What is neurofibromatosis?
  • 2 The interview
    • 2.1 On neurofibromatosis
    • 2.2 Growing up
    • 2.3 A head to toe body tour
    • 2.4 The daily life of Reggie Bibbs
    • 2.5 Raising awareness and his campaign
  • 3 Sources
  • 4 External links
This exclusive interview features first-hand journalism by a Wikinews reporter. See the collaboration page for more details.

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Preparations for inaugural Bathurst International Motor Festival begin

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Preparations for inaugural Bathurst International Motor Festival begin

Posted: February 17th, 2020 by

Wednesday, February 22, 2006

The Bathurst Regional Council has begun preparing the Mount Panorama motor racing circuit for the inaugural Bathurst International Motorsport Festival (BIMF) to be held between April 13 and 16, 2006. The Mount Panorama motor racing circuit is considered to be the home of motorsport in Australia.

Council’s staff have been busy cleaning the facilities, erecting signage, checking pedestrian bridges and inspecting the track surface for the past few days.

The BIMF will be the first event to be held at the 6.2 kilometre circuit over Easter since 2000. In 2000, Event Management Specialists held the first motorcycle racing event since 1990, but due to EMS going bankrupt a short time after their 2000 event was ran and the inability of the then Bathurst City Council to find another promoter, the Easter event was canned.

The BIMF is inspired by the Festival of Speed and Goodwood Revival in the United Kingdom. The Bathurst Regional Council and event promoter Global Entertainment Team promise that the event “will cater for all motoring enthusiasts, collectors and historians”.

According to the BIMF website, the on-track program consists of:

  • Manufacturers showcasing their vehicles and track times
  • Historic touring car races
  • Aussie racing car races
  • Australian GT sports car
  • Parade laps by car clubs
  • Parade laps and races by “Legends of Motorsport”
  • Stunt car and bike events
  • Rally cars
  • Displays of cars from all eras of Mount Panorama’s history
  • The chance for patrons to purchase a ride around the circuit in a race car.

Off the track, the organisers have promised manufacturer displays, merchandise stands, music, joyflights, Off-road demonstrations and joyrides, autograph sessions and interviews with influential people in the Australian motor industry.

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Stun Guns For Senior Citizens}

Posted: February 16th, 2020 by

Submitted by: Cori N. Baker

Some people take advantage on the weaknesses of other people, particularly the senior citizens, for their personal gain or interests. Burglary is one of the most common incidents. If you are a senior citizen living alone in your house, will you let burglars to just take away the things that you worked hard for – money, jewelry, and car? Do not take your weakness and old age as hindrances for you to defend yourself. You do not have to fight with all your force especially when you have a strong self-defense weapon like stun gun.

It is like a gun but without the bullet. Instead, stun gun uses electrical current that can disrupt the voluntary control of muscles. When you shoot an attacker with this, he will feel dazed, confused and weak that he will fall off to the ground. Then you will have the opportunity to escape or call additional help.

Here are some examples of stun gun models perfect for senior citizens:

1. Stun Cane with Flashlight – It works like a real cane so besides having a self-defense weapon you also have a cane to assist you in your daily walks. It is equipped with useful and effective stun power that can take down your attacker. You can use this against people who have bad intentions to you. It also features built-in LED flashlight that you can use for late-night walks.

2. Taser C2 – It is a very strong weapon that you can use 15 feet away from the attacker. You do not have to worry that you will miss the target because this features laser beam sight that ensures accurate aim. Just in case you still miss the target, you can still shoot him in a close range. This is how powerful and effective Taser C2 is.

3. Streetwise Stun Baton – It is 18 inches long. It produces 800,000 volts of stopping power that will surely teach the attacker lessons he deserves. He cannot just attack a senior citizen; well at least this thought will be clear to him after you shoot him with this stun baton.

Having at least one of these weapons will make you feel safer at home despite the fact that you are not as strong as you used to be. You no longer have to live in fear again that someone might break into your house and get all the things you have worked hard for because you now have a tool to use against these bad people.

However, you should also understand that this weapon is not legal in all parts of the world. Some states and cities in the United States do not allow the possession and use of this gun so you should check first with your local government offices to know for sure that you are doing a legal thing. On the other hand, 42 states have legalized the use of stun gun or taser so if you are living in any of these then you are good to possess this self-defense weapon.

About the Author: Cori N. Baker enjoys writing for Beststungun.com which sells

stun guns

and

taser

as well as a host of additional products.

Source:

isnare.com

Permanent Link:

isnare.com/?aid=1065741&ca=Aging}

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Suspected serial killer appears in British court

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Suspected serial killer appears in British court

Posted: February 16th, 2020 by

Friday, May 28, 2010

A man accused of being a serial killer has appeared in Bradford magistrates court in West Yorkshire today charged with three counts of murder. 40-year-old Stephen Griffiths is accused of killing Suzanne Blamires, 36, Susan Rushworth, 43, and Shelley Armitage, 31, all prostitutes.

Griffiths, a former van driver with a degree in psychology and studying for a PhD in criminology, gave his name as “Crossbow Cannibal” when asked. He has been in police custody since Monday when police were alerted to a CCTV recording that appeared to show a murder.

A caretaker had been reviewing footage from the flats where Griffiths lives when he saw footage of a woman and a man enter a flat early on Saturday morning. Two minutes later, she ran out and was followed by the man, who beat her to the ground and shot her in the head with a crossbow. Over the course of the weekend, the man was seen several times with bin bags and a rucksack.

On Tuesday, the day after the arrest of Griffiths, Blamires’ remains were found in the River Aire in nearby Shipley. She had been cut into several pieces and her head was located in a rucksack. Police continue to search for the other two alleged victims; Rushworth has been missing since June last year and Armitage vanished in April.

Police have searched much of Bradford’s red-light district, where Griffiths’ third-floor flat is located. Forensic investigations at the flat are expected to last around three weeks. There are plans to search landfill sites for bodies, and police may yet expand the inquiry to cover three more cold cases, although at present they have not been linked to the current inquiry.

Sniffer dogs have been used throughout the city, and police have been taking away plastic evidence bags. Some alleyways remain closed off. Police charged their suspect yesterday.

Griffiths was known as “the lizard man” in his block of flats owing to his habit of walking his two pet monitor lizards in the area. One neighbour is reported to have quoted him as saying he was studying for “a PhD in murder and Jack the Ripper,” and he has spent time in a high-security psychiatric hospital. During his five-minute court appearance he did not enter a plea, kept his head bowed and fidgeted with his cuffed hands. He said “Here, I guess,” when asked for his address.

As he stood in the glass-fronted dock, guarded by three security officers, he was watched by the families of Rushworth and Armitage, who were accompanied by police family liaison officers. Blamires’ family chose not to be present, but the victim’s mother Nicky Blamires, 54, has told the press that Suzanne was a “much-loved” family member even though she “went down the wrong path and did not have the life she was meant to have.” “Nobody deserves this,” she said. “All these girls were human beings and people’s daughters.”

Griffiths’ morning court appearance was followed by a second one this afternoon, at Bradford Crown Court. This time, he confirmed his name without incident. He was remanded into custody until next month, when he will appear in court again.

British media has been quick to compare the case to Peter Sutcliffe, dubbed the “Yorkshire Ripper”. Sutcliffe was a Bradford killer responsible for thirteen murders and seven attempted murders, including several prostitutes. Since his 1981 conviction he has spent most of the last three decades in Broadmoor high-security psychiatric hospital near London.

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Earth Day 2009 celebrated around the globe

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Earth Day 2009 celebrated around the globe

Posted: February 16th, 2020 by

Wednesday, April 22, 2009

Today is the 39th observance of Earth Day in the northern hemisphere. Earth day is celebrated in Autumn on November 30 in the southern hemisphere. Senator Gaylord Nelson initiated the first Earth Day in April 1970 in the United States, and it is now celebrated by over 1 billion people in over 170 countries worldwide. Earth Day is the biggest environmental event which addresses issues and educates people on environmental awareness on a global scale.

This year, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will beam high-definition images to the NASA website and television. By doing so, NASA hopes to increase appreciation of global climate issues. There will also be a Washington exhibit relating to environmental issues viewed from space as well.

At the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center activities will focus on their slogan for Earth Day 2009, “Just One Drop … PRICELESS” and will demonstrate how the Environmental Control Life Support System operates as used on the International Space Staton (ISS).

Amongst the many festivals, WorldFest is a solar powered music celebration held in Los Angeles, California. Buenos Aires will also feature its second Earth Day event featuring a music festival as well.

“We are in a new era of energy innovation,” said Daniel Yergin at a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) forum. Lithium-ion batteries are providing electric storage solutions for electric cars such as the Chevrolet Volt and the Dodge Circuit EV. Algae fuel is a new form of biofuel, but is still under development.

“Energy Smackdown” was a competitive household activity which compared energy usage between 60 separate households across three cities in or near Boston. The various competitors came up with a variety of innovative methods to cut their carbon footprint, installing solar electric panels, geothermal heat pumps, wind turbines, and using a caulking gun to seal the home from drafts.

“In the average home, 75 percent of the electricity used to power home electronics is consumed while the products are turned off.” is a United States Department of Energy (DOE) estimate.

Miami is installing a smart grid which will use individual household smart meters to allow energy consumers know via a web site, their exact home energy usage. “To me these are prudent and smart investments that will easily pay for themselves. It will show the nation how to address environmental, energy, and economic challenges all at the same time.” said Miami mayor Manny Diaz.

Cal Dooley, CEO of the American Chemistry Council ACC, says the plastic bag industry is prepared to spend US$50 million to revamp their manufacturing facilities and will collect 470 million pounds of recycled plastic every year to make plastic bags of 40% recycled content. The ACC is providing a donation to the Keep America Beautiful environmental organisation, both of whom endorse this new project. The Earth Day Network (EDN) and Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) would like to see an end to the use of plastic bags, however. “We don’t want people to use disposable bags. We want people to use reusable bags,” says Darby Hoover of the NRDC.

Calgary researchers will begin field surveys to help save the “Northern Leopard Frog (Rana Pipiens). “Northern Leopard Frogs are threatened in Alberta, but endangered in British Columbia,” said Dr. Des Smith, Primary Investigator and Research Scientist with the Calgary Zoo’s Centre for Conservation Research. “It is essential to develop new monitoring techniques for Northern Leopard” said Breana McKnight, Field Team Leader and Endangered Species Researcher.

The traditional Earth day ceremony of planting trees is garnering further attention in Japan as Koichi Nakatani, the nation’s Tree Planting Father travels from Hokkaido to Okinawa.

Students can take part in an Earth Day photo contest sponsored by the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies which will feature images and scientific student research for the environmental change depicted in each photo submitted.

“Earth Day should be about teaching about the environment every day,” said Sean Mille director of education for EDN, “We emphasize taking action for your classroom, school, district or community.” 25,000 schools across America made use of the environmental curriculum developed by the National Civic Education Project, the Green Schools Campaign and the Educator’s Network. Lesson plans are broad and varied and may focus on water pollution, recycling, composting, using chemistry to convert cafeteria left-overs into biodiesel or ethanol fuel or converting go-carts to operate on biodiesel or ethanol fuels in shop class.

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Boost Core Strength And Get Active With Pilates

Posted: February 15th, 2020 by

Boost core strength and get active with Pilates

by

Ajeet Tis

Cancer is associated with several meanings that it has become complex for an average person to know about it from objective standpoint. After hearing a cancer diagnosis, sufferer perceives it as a death sentence, and visualizes the inflexibilities of chemotherapy, and contemplates the end of his or her life. These similar thoughts have firmly rooted in most societies, making definition of cancer challenging. Cancer takes the life of one, out of every four people, which is second to heart disease.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdMptxZv4hQ[/youtube]

What is cancer? ‘Cancer’ cannot be considered as a one single disease. It is in fact a complex disease having variations galore. Cancer also causes death and is described as a locally invasive and incontrollable cell growth pattern, which is due to problems and damages taking place in the genes of the cells. The type of cancer is named on the originated organ or tissue system. Cancer is caused due to unregulated growth of these abnormal cells. The cells keep on dividing and multiplying forming cancerous tumors. What is cancer ? This question is now easy to define as over the past decade, the amount of effort and resources devoted to cancer research has increased. With the new research, experts have achieved incredible results exposing many about this lethal disease. Besides, people have now become aware of cancer as a serious malice affecting anyone. Cancer is not exception to anyone for instance chronic smokers to the most innocent victims or babies born with cancer. A wide spectrum of non-specific cancer symptoms includes: –Persistent Fatigue: This is most common symptom of weight loss. –Untargeted Weight Loss –Pain: Pain spreading to bone can be a symptom of cancer. –Fever: Fever causing impact on immune system can make person to several cancers. –Bowel Changes: This is the most common symptom of colon cancer. –Chronic cough: This can be a symptom lung cancer. Cancer Treatments There are five major types of cancer treatment and are described below: 1.Surgery: This one engages operation to remove the tumour. 2.Radiotherapy – In radiotherapy high energy x-rays break the cancer cells causing very little harm to normal cells. 3.Active surveillance – There are certain cancer that slowly grow in and are not that harmful. But doctor will monitor to halt the growth at that very time when it starts to bud. 4.Hormonal therapy – In this treatment the levels of hormones are altered or blocked. 5.Chemotherapy – This involves the usage of anti-cancer drugs used for ruining cancer cells.

Know

what is cancer

? cancer causes and

Cancer treatment

options on online health guide: Peoples-Health.com. Also know

what is breast cancer

, Leukemia, Brain Cancer and other types of cancer.

Article Source:

ArticleRich.com

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U.S. ISPs to test restricting heavy Internet users

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U.S. ISPs to test restricting heavy Internet users

Posted: February 15th, 2020 by

Thursday, June 5, 2008

On June 3rd, 2008, two United States Internet service providers (ISPs) announced they would begin tests to slow web access for their most active customers and charge them for extra speed. Comcast and Time Warner Cable, two of the largest ISPs in North America, both made separate announcements of their plans. The actions come in the wake of an investigation by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), over whether Comcast had restricted some customers from sharing videos, music, and similar files. The FCC investigation led to a US Congress debate over whether and how much control ISPs should have over the flow of customer data.

Public interest groups complained in November 2007 to the FCC that Comcast had specifically targeted customers using applications that made use of the BitTorrent system, a popular form of file sharing. Free Press, an advocacy group that pushes for better oversight of cable operators such as Comcast, stated that Comcast practices were discriminatory towards users of the legal technology. “The cable companies see a hammer hovering above their heads and are scrambling to find ways to reduce the appearance of wrongdoing,” said Ben Scott, head of the group.

According to Roger Entner, a senior vice president from Nielsen IAG, as little as 5 percent of all Internet users may consume as much as 50 percent of all the bandwidth on the Internet. “This is the politically correct version of doing what Comcast had been doing before, though it takes the occasional [peer-to-peer] user off the hook,” Entner said. Sena Fitzmaurice, a Comcast spokesperson, said, “This says we won’t be looking at what type of traffic that there is, even though we still need to manage the network.”

Comcast’s tests are expected to begin in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania and Warrenton, Virginia.

While Comcast will attempt to throttle the speed of all its high-volume users, Time Warner Cable intends to use a different method. They will meter and bill clients, charging more money for faster speeds and larger amounts of transmitted data, functioning more like a traditional public utility, such as an electric company or cell phone service. Their metered billing test will begin on June 5 in Beaumont, Texas for newly enrolled customers. “Instead of raising prices across the board, consumers who are excessive users would pay,” said Alex Dudley, a Time Warner Cable spokesman. “It is clearly the fairest way to fund the investment that is going to be required to support that use.”

An Associated Press report that Time Warner Cable will bill customers between $29.95 to $54.90USD per month has been confirmed by the cable operator, with clients charged an extra $1 for each gigabyte (GB) by which they exceed their purchased plan. Art Brodsky, communications director of Public Knowledge, a consumer advocacy group in Washington D.C., has expressed concerns about the Time Warner Cable plan. Time Warner Cable’s most expensive offering, $54.90, comes with 15 megabits-per-second of data transfer speed and a 40 gigabyte limit on total data transfer.

“An HD (high-definition) movie is 8GB or so, three movies is more than half your allowance for a month, and heaven knows what else you might want to watch,” Brodsky says. “This is not a relieving congestion scheme as much as it is a rationing scheme. All it does is protect an inadequate infrastructure from the cable company.”

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